Linking Projects of Rural Communities and the Formal Education System during Pahlavi Era
Hossein
Imani Jajarmi
Development Studies Department, Social Sciences Faculty/ Tehran University
author
Ebrahim
Khodaee
Social Development Studies/ Tehran University
author
text
article
2018
per
Iran's modern education has always had negligible links with the local community and Part of the failure of this centralized educational system should be contributed to this shortcoming. Despite attempts to establish links between the local communities and the educational system, it seems that such efforts were never sufficient and successful. This research studies the plans which tried to link the educational system and the rural local communities during the Pahlavi era, and whether they were effective. Data is collected through library and documentary method. Findings of this study show that projects such as the "nomadic schools" and "knowledge corps" (Sepah-danesh) considerably addressed the issue to link with local communities. These projects had a major role in introducing and expanding the modern education to non-urban communities. In the absence of such projects, the official education system could hardly cover the majority of the Iranian population outside the cities during the Pahlavi era. Other projects such as "primary schools of villages" and "regionalization" never went operational to reduce the distance between the formal system and the local community, and they remained just on the paper.
Tahqiqāt-e Tārikh-e Ejtemā’i (Social History Studies)
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0484
8
v.
1
no.
2018
1
17
https://socialhistory.ihcs.ac.ir/article_3290_3b781dd5cdf29afaed36add618e642c0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/shc.2018.20078.1726
Critical discourse and Reflect the generation gap in the realistic novelsPahlavi II Era (Case Study:"Halfway of Paradise","Raw Wine","Dog and long winter")
Parvin
Rostami
Phd student of history/ Lorestan University
author
savagheb
jahanbakhsh
professsor of history/Lorestan University
author
Rohollah
Bahrami
Associate Professor of History/Razi University
author
text
article
2018
per
One of the important aspects of social and realistic novels is to reflect the political and social status of society. The actors in these novels are a reflection of society and emerge as a symbol of conflict with society. In the second Pahlavi era, many social and realistic novels emerged that criticized the present political and social status. Among these novels, the "Halfway of Paradise"(1953),"Raw Wine" (1968),"Dog and long winter" (1976), with critical discourse, criticized the confrontation between tradition and modernity, disillusioned intellectuals, criticism of the administrative and governmental system and the presence and influence of America in Iran and have presented the angles of the Pahlavi era. The main issue in this study is to examine these novels, in a content analysis method, to explain the type of critique that each of these novels has had from the political, social and administrative situation of the community. Research findings show that the critique of the writers of these novels is about the political, social and administrative situation of the society represents the gap created between generations of society and government.
Tahqiqāt-e Tārikh-e Ejtemā’i (Social History Studies)
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0484
8
v.
1
no.
2018
17
45
https://socialhistory.ihcs.ac.ir/article_3291_8484d910456d30b940fbe579897632ea.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/shc.2018.16611.1603
Religious-social functions of the Egyptian market until the rise of the Fatimids
Mohammad
MohammadiPour
M.A in History/Tarbiat e Modares University
author
Fatemeh
JanAhmadi
Asociated Professor of History
author
text
article
2018
per
The market, as the economic pillar of the urban system, has a long history in Egyptian civilization. The presence of Muslim governors in the first few centuries in Egypt affected the change of the markets and even their economic form. The main concern of the authors in this research is to find the answer to this basic question, what were the socio-religious functions of Islamic Egyptian markets during the era of Muslim governors? Library searches and the study of written sources based on the method of historical studies, i.e. the descriptive and analytical method based on inference and analogy, showed that the development of the location of the space for the formation of markets as an important pillar of social and civilizational life in Egypt provides a favorable ground for the holding and expansion of national rituals and religious has provided. The establishment of important markets in the vicinity of the mosque, especially the mosques, has led to the continuity of economy and religion. An interwoven set of religious functions such as holding Quran reading meetings and memorizing it, holding Friday prayers, establishing economic institutions such as Hasba as a regulator of economic actions in the market, as well as the formation of guilds and guild organizations within the market and specialized professions are properly manifested in the markets of Egypt. In addition, the role of the vast space of the bazaar in creating large public gatherings against the political rule and also the presence of bazaars in social riots due to the financial pressures of the governors, on the other hand, reflected the social roles of the bazaar and the bazaars in the Egyptian society of the era of the governors.
Tahqiqāt-e Tārikh-e Ejtemā’i (Social History Studies)
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0484
8
v.
1
no.
2018
47
61
https://socialhistory.ihcs.ac.ir/article_3292_bd3dce9a89467ecb9f8b3c0d6a76165a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/shc.2018.20931.1762
The role of Azerbaijan in the migration of Iran's labor force to the Caucasus
(1855-1906)
sirwan
khosrozade
phd in history / payam noor univercity of tehran
author
roya
barsoltan
faculty member of Institute for police Studies and Social Sciences, PhD student in sociology/Azad Uiversity of Tehran
author
soudeh
ebrahimzadeh
Phd in History/ KHarazmi University
author
text
article
2018
per
The present study examines the migration of the Iranian workforce to the Caucasus in the second half of the nineteenth century to the constitutional revolution and the role played by Azerbaijan in this regard. current paper, based on the authoritative internal and external sources and with using of a descriptive-analytical method in response to issues such as the reason for the migration of the labor force to the Caucasus and the share of Azerbaijan in it shows that Azerbaijan was the main center for the issuance of migrant labor to the Caucasus, which, in turn, was the result of the general economic downturn in Iran, the decline of Azerbaijan's position as a result of changing the ways of commerce , The high population and the inability of the province's economy to absorb indigenous labor, and on the other hand, the natural consequence of the industrial areas on Beyond the border, and in particular the Caucasus.
Tahqiqāt-e Tārikh-e Ejtemā’i (Social History Studies)
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0484
8
v.
1
no.
2018
63
83
https://socialhistory.ihcs.ac.ir/article_3293_b9d3a5c05d8377892a10177ed7118e15.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/shc.2018.3293
Evaluation the historical narration of Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh in comparison with historys of early Islamic centuries in Shiruya kingdom
zagros
zand
Phd Student in history/ Tehran University
author
ruzbeh
zarrin kub
Assistant Professor at history/ tehran university
author
text
article
2018
per
Other than literary and mythical values, Shahnameh is one of the most important sources in the history of ancient Iran, which comprehensively narrates Sasanid history in particular. Ferdowsi, trustworthily, rhymed narrations of Sasanid era, which embodies most of the details of historical events. Some iranologists insist on the historical aspect of Shahnameh, while others have considered Shahnameh as non-historical. The narration of Shiruya and Khosro Parviz’s death, and expressing the bases of collapse in Shahnameh are very important, and Arabic-Persian prose sources have dealt with them. In this study, historical data and details of these sources have been assessed and analyzed, using the historical narration of shahnameh, and their similarities and differences have also been revealed. Ferdowsi has constantly been loyal to his source, and despite all the limitations in rythm, poetic language, and narrative-fictional framework, he has versified the details truatworthily and precisely. He hasn’t altered the forms of names and, and names of places, according to the standard language of his time, and hence the names are closer to Khoday-nameh. Ferdowsi has recorded some people and dates, which others have neglected, or have recorded incorrectly. Also, the attitude present in Khoday-nameh has entered Shahnameh through a mediator, and has refined it from non-Iranian and caliphate-centered lookouts. Many other sources of data are also present in Shahnameh, and some data have been reported only in Shahnameh. This research can make the stand of Shahnameh more valid and prominent, and can be beneficial for other researches in the field.
Tahqiqāt-e Tārikh-e Ejtemā’i (Social History Studies)
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0484
8
v.
1
no.
2018
85
111
https://socialhistory.ihcs.ac.ir/article_3297_8ca187d3555244ad0152b0070686d48e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/shc.2018.19774.1718
Dawn of Cinema in Iran: Socio-political Challenges
seyyd Mohsen
alavipour
Assistant Professor of Political Science/ IHCS
author
text
article
2018
per
In spite of its simultaneity with the birth of the industry in Europe, emergence of cinematic production and consumption in our country, Iran, paved a different road, namely a socio-politically challenged one. Indeed, though Mozaffaredin Shah was a great supporter, other parties, such as the businessmen, clergies, the bureaucratic statesmen and even the allied powers who had occupied the country during the WWII, had their own reasons to affect the direction of new-born industry. In such an atmosphere, cinema has encountered different challenges and had to overcome various disputes with different social agencies whose leaders aimed to control the industry under their socio-political ambitions. Exploring the documents and the historical texts, the present study attempts to study the socio-political challenges cinema has encountered at the dawn of its presence in Iran.
Tahqiqāt-e Tārikh-e Ejtemā’i (Social History Studies)
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0484
8
v.
1
no.
2018
113
131
https://socialhistory.ihcs.ac.ir/article_3298_4d3934873721250119a0ca8c32a4ccd6.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/shc.2018.20918.1760
. Investigation the Role and Position of Craftsmen of Khorasan and Transoxiana during the Timurid Period
shahram
farahnaki
PhD Candidate of History/ Payame Noor University
author
Jamshid
Noruozi
Associated professor of history/ Payame Noor University
author
Houshang
Khosrobeigi
Associated professor of history/ Payame Noor University
author
text
article
2018
per
The Craftsmen' group of Khorasan and Transoxiana were part of the Timurid community. Following the economic boom affected by the support of Timurid Rulers, the Craftsmen group also regained their status in the community. The article addresses this fundamental question of how the policies of Timur and his successors influenced the social status of the Craftsmen group in Khorasan and Transoxiana and, consequently, the state of the crafts in these areas? The attention of the Crafts to Timurid Rulers view, led to the revival of the so-called Craftsmen group in Khorasan and Transoxiana. The region's rich mines and the growth of several major cities in these areas were a series of factors affecting the industrial boom in Khorasan and Transoxiana. Under these conditions, an independent social group, called craftsmen, was formed in Khorasan and Transoxiana, which had a structure and a boss, and the Timurid authorities considered the laws and regulations for their coherence and regulation of affairs. The achievements of the present paper can be seen in reaching out to the fields and how to revive the Craftsmen group, as well as the study of the socioeconomic role of the group in relation to the Timurid rule. Through the descriptive-analytical method and compilation, including reports on the timeline of the emergence of Timur, until the end of the reign of Bayqara, the revival of the Craftsmen group and their position in the community as a social issue were analyzed.
Tahqiqāt-e Tārikh-e Ejtemā’i (Social History Studies)
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0484
8
v.
1
no.
2018
133
154
https://socialhistory.ihcs.ac.ir/article_3299_826559c1667ad118c5f8101a691c5cf6.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/shc.2018.18648.1681
The Image of Modern Man: A Study on Iranian Men’s Dress Developments in Qajar Period
Manzar
Mohammadi
PHd student of Art/ University of Tehran
author
Seyed Saeed
Seyed Ahmadi Zavieh
Assistant Professor, Department of Art Research/Art University of Tehran
author
text
article
2018
per
From the mid-nineteenth century, ideological contacts with the western world, through modern educational, bureaucratic, and military institutions, laid the basis of a new professional middle-class in Iran, who has been the main trendsetter of modern European clothing styles among Iranian men. With examining historical texts from late Qajar period, the process of appropriation and popularity of European-style men’s suit, and its social implications in Iran, is studied here, to answer the question that what is the connection between new middle class, new civil institutions, and modernization of men’s dress. European dress for Iranian modernists, represented a modern social and organizational perception, and was a symbolic manifestation of equality to the advanced western world, and also distinction from not only aristocracy, but also traditionalists. The aim of this study is to show that modernization of men’s dress in Iran has had a social basis in constitutional era, prior to political changes of dress in Pahlavi era.
Tahqiqāt-e Tārikh-e Ejtemā’i (Social History Studies)
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0484
8
v.
1
no.
2018
155
181
https://socialhistory.ihcs.ac.ir/article_3300_673b29d451ae831b55d5f66874e7b6b8.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/shc.2018.19381.1705
Politics and Urban Life in Pre-Colonial South Caucasia:
The Case of Shamâkhî in 18th Century
javad
morshedloo
associated professor of history, Faculty of Literature, TarbiatModares University (TMU), Tehran,Iran
author
text
article
2018
per
Social life of Southern Caucasia in pre-colonial period is a subject which mostly missed Iranian’s scholarly attention. Bearing this in mind, this paper attempts to shed new lights on a less studied aspect of this subject; its focus is on the historical aspects of urban life in eastern Caucasia before Russian dominance. Drawing on observational material which gleaned from multi-languages sources, it is organized into three parts: the first one deals with the historical situation of Shamakhi in the Safavid period, the second part has focused on the historical developments of Shamâkhî in early 18th century, and the last, traces the decaying process during which this main urban center of precolonial southern Caucasia was destroyed. As results show, administrative policies played a crucial role in this decaying process.
Tahqiqāt-e Tārikh-e Ejtemā’i (Social History Studies)
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0484
8
v.
1
no.
2018
183
212
https://socialhistory.ihcs.ac.ir/article_3489_926bce6380bf58948b94686140646d0b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/shc.2018.3489
Interpretation and Misinterpretation of the Indicators of the Modern Civilization in contemporary Iranian History (the Qajar era)
Ghobad
mansourbakht
associated professor of history/ shahid Beheshti University
author
text
article
2018
per
Abstract The relationships and interactions among societies and countries, irrespective of their type, have always had a social nature and have taken place through two main pillars of a society, namely, culture and civilization. Accordingly, although societies have been presenting their physical and intellectual achievements to one while interacting, such achievements have never been and will never be regarded merely as an item of physical or intellectual value for exchange. Such achievements indicate a particular culture and civilization and more significantly denote the physical and intellectual strength of certain cultures and civilizations and will continue to play that role. The emergence of the modern European civilization and its encounter and contact with other civilizations including Iran, took place in the same manner and through military, political, economic and social interaction, in addition to overcoming ancient civilizations, evidently demonstrated an unprecedented strength in all four aspects of society, i.e., politics, economy, society and culture and fundamentally impacted the old Iranian civilization. The findings of this research based on logical explanation (focusing on two areas of military-political and economic social impact), demonstrates that the Qajar dynasty monarchs despite a long interaction with the modern civilization, did not manage to deal appropriately with the signs and indications of the modern civilization and instead, still delusively dreamed of the ancient relationships and interactions. They insisted so intensely on opposing the indications of the new civilization that finally while overwhelming Iran with the issues of the modern civilization, lead to their own disappearance from the political landscape of Iran.
Tahqiqāt-e Tārikh-e Ejtemā’i (Social History Studies)
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0484
8
v.
1
no.
2018
215
235
https://socialhistory.ihcs.ac.ir/article_3301_d47711665067dd8d77097a50ff1e5037.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/shc.2018.3301