Alternation of Social Life of Transoxiana under Russification Policy (1864-1917)
SeyyedehFahimeh
Ebrahimi
PhD in History, Tehran University
author
text
article
2015
per
Social life of Transoxiansat the end of its declining process in the 19 AD/13 AH experienced another raid of alien tribes. Employing a descriptive research method, the present paper attempts to narrate the Muslims’ social life in Transoxiana. It particularly investigates the period in which this land had been colonized by Russians. Transformations in the ethnic and demographic composition made Russians in charge of seven million Muslims who were being dominated through adopting Russification policy. Considering such circumstances, the main issue addressed in this paper is the changes that occurred in the social life of the Muslims as a result of adopting such a policy. The findings of the study reveal that for practicing Russification—aimed at assimilating Transoxiana to Russian society and culture—the Russians established a new form of colonized society by becoming governors and citizens of the Muslim society. The results of study deepened the initial question and led to this idea that the Russian colonizers by changing ethnic composition of the society and penetrating into its religious authority and civil laws, as well as building Russian cities, established a new form of colonized cities.
Tahqiqāt-e Tārikh-e Ejtemā’i (Social History Studies)
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0484
5
v.
9
no.
2015
1
22
https://socialhistory.ihcs.ac.ir/article_1751_3c022b48201496f7d32e2691a1575440.pdf
A Survey on the Criteria for Social Stratification of Mariners in Iranian Southern Coasts (A.H 7-10th /A.D 13-16th Centuries)
Ali
Bahranipour
Assistant Professor/ History Department
author
text
article
2015
per
A traditional seafaring and production style merged during the rule of Maliks of Hormoz Island, whose staff was composed of a set of mariners under Maliks of Hormoz Island. This network was later discontinued because of the hegemony of European colonial mercantilism and was replaced by a new system of seafaring. Within this traditional production style, there appeared a social stratification among the mariners due to some reasons including development in shipwright industry, ship ownership, progress in seafaring instruments, sea sciences, and the emergence of specialized and skilled methods in the traditional (Asian) seafaring, based on the native culture of the people of the Persian Gulf. This stratification developed as a result of the growth in the marine trade between 13-14th centuries. It seems that each of these strata moved towards specialization in its job, and this led to a traditional labor division. The present paper aims to analyze the criteria used forstratifying these mariners through recognizing and describing such a social stratification system. The method in this study is based on historical research method with a descriptive-analytic approach. The findings of the research indicate that mariners were stratified based on a series of factors including wealth, ownership over production equipment, naval knowledge and its skills, military power, and body labor.
Tahqiqāt-e Tārikh-e Ejtemā’i (Social History Studies)
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0484
5
v.
9
no.
2015
23
44
https://socialhistory.ihcs.ac.ir/article_1752_416fe2bb58d4b9d5a200f502640d0393.pdf
Mounat Position in Urban Regions during Al-Buyeh Dynasty
Mohammad Rahim
Rabanizadeh
Assistant Professor of History, Research Center for Human Sciences and Cultural Studies
author
Maryam
NasriDashtArzandi
MA in Islamic Iran history/ Research Center for Human Sciences and Cultural Studies
author
text
article
2015
per
The purpose of this study is to investigate the evolutionary trend of changes in the meaning and functionality of Mounat position during 321-448 A.H. In the present study, the effects of “Al-Buyeh political system” and “interior urban developments” on the “Mounat position” in the urban society of Al-Buyeh were studied. The research methodology was descriptive-analytic and based on Giddens’ssocial theory of functionality. Accordingly, a proper archive was prepared based on available written documents. Having formed the theoretical fundamentals, the status of “Mounat” was described while assessing the collected data. The research findings reveal that Mounat position played a crucially important role as the military and magisterial power. This represents the clever employment of Al-Buyeh of social changes of the time (formation of non-religious culture). In addition, the dissatisfaction of urban people with constabularies and tendency to dominate Baghdad and the Abbasid administration can be seen as another reason for better acceptance of Mounat position.
Tahqiqāt-e Tārikh-e Ejtemā’i (Social History Studies)
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0484
5
v.
9
no.
2015
45
64
https://socialhistory.ihcs.ac.ir/article_1753_ae7b34f599bc0d24a80c11732eeff3e4.pdf
An Investigation of the Socio-political Impact of the Mystic Sects (Tarighats) of Kurdestān in the Early Decades of the 20th Century
AbbāsZārei
Mehrvarz
Assistant Professor of history/Bu-Ali Sina University
author
text
article
2015
per
In the early decades of the 20th century, the leaders of the mystic sects of Kurdestān, particularly the Naghshbandieh sect, took numerous measures in various places and in various domains of activity to increase their influence and socio-political power. The influence of the Naghshbandieh sect increased at the time of the constitution and after it. In the triple uprisings of SālārOldollah in Kurdestān, the Naghshbandieh sect defended him. With the rise of the First World War, the Naghshbandieh sect joined the Ottomans, entered Kurdestān with the Ottoman troops, and invited their followers to participate in Jihād (holy war) against Russia and England. Nonetheless, this sect occasionally entered into political dealings with the powers in the war. In general, the mystic sects in Kurdestān performed a large number of political and social activities in this period to increase their social and political power. However, when RezāKhān came to the throne, the Naghshbandieh sect failed in almost all its political and social efforts.
Tahqiqāt-e Tārikh-e Ejtemā’i (Social History Studies)
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0484
5
v.
9
no.
2015
65
82
https://socialhistory.ihcs.ac.ir/article_1754_2ea3d05d03e36e7ea7b91449f33384ed.pdf
The Relationship between Religion and State in the Seljuk Society: The Socio- cultural Tension between Ideologies of Nizām al-Mulk and the Abbasid Caliphate
Tomoko
Shimoyama
Ph.D Student of History/Tarbiat Moadres University
author
Seyed Hashem
Aghajari
Assistant Professorof History/Tarbiat Moadres University
author
text
article
2015
per
Ideology and politics in the society and history (including the Seljuk era) are in close relationship. The ideological history of the Seljuk era and more importantly ideologies of Nizām al-Mulk have long been a complicated historical issue as a result of ignoring historical dynamicity of ideologies and the issues related to their culture and identity. This has also led to misleading interpretations in the whole historiography of the Seljuk era. The present paper, using hermeneutic analysis, studies the relationship between religion and state in the religious-political tension of the Seljuk dynasty and Abbasid Caliphate in the fifth century. Moreover, the main points in the ideology of Nizām al-Mulk which were at cultural conflict with Abbasid Caliphate’s Arabian ideology will be elaborated on.
Tahqiqāt-e Tārikh-e Ejtemā’i (Social History Studies)
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0484
5
v.
9
no.
2015
83
100
https://socialhistory.ihcs.ac.ir/article_1845_82cbcef08d5d78e15b7a90f2dc7beabc.pdf
Conflicts of Iranian Transmigration Life with Urban and Rural Lives in Mongol Era
Ghorbanali
Kenarroodi
Assistant Professor of History/Islamic Azad University Tonekabon Branch
author
Sohayla
Naimi
Phd Student of History/ Kharazmi University
author
text
article
2015
per
In Iran, transmigration has for long been one of the common ways of living. At the time of their arrival, the Mongols imposed a transmigration system on Iranians which had detrimental consequences as it was in lower conditions than their former transmigration experience. Using a historical analysis methodology, the present paper attempts to investigate the consequences of the spread of the conflicts between the constant residency and transmigration and the principles governing them in the Mongol era, as well as surveying the social and cultural specifications of Iranian trans-migrants and residents. It could be seen that the presence of Mongol and Turk transmigrates in the suburbsof a number of cities in Iran—who attempted to maintain their values and dignities and ignored the urban infrastructures—increased the conflicts between the transmigration and residency rapidly. Consequently, many Iranian rural areas and cities were destroyed following Mongol offensive acts, and urban affairs began to regress. Urban population was reduced, big cities became smaller, and small towns became villages and rural areas. Industries and production workplaces waned as a result of lack of labor force and market insecurity. Taxes and tolls, taken from the villagers and free-job holders, made them weaker and weaker. Resources and pasture exploitation methods changed and agriculture and irrigation systems were destroyed completely as well.
Tahqiqāt-e Tārikh-e Ejtemā’i (Social History Studies)
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0484
5
v.
9
no.
2015
101
120
https://socialhistory.ihcs.ac.ir/article_1755_2a0af211e5ec3da7d8959987e0a5630c.pdf
Grounds and Social Factors in the Formation and Promotion of Ghurids' Military Power
Jamshid
Nowrouzi
Assistant Professor of History /Payam-e- Noor University
author
text
article
2015
per
The present article studies the grounds and factors which influenced the formation and promotion of Ghurids’ military power and their military actions for encountering invaders and rivals. The present paper, based on historical sources and a descriptive- analytic approach, has studied the ups and downs experienced by the Ghurids for gaining military authority and power and also various factors effective in the formation and development of Ghurids’ military power. The main issue addressed by this study is the internal and external factors effective in the formation of Ghurids’ military power and the promotion of their military abilities. The findings of the research indicate that internal elements such as Ghur mountainous location, the characteristics of its people and its enjoyment of mines of metals utilized in making arms had influenced their gaining military power. Furthermore, external factors such as Ghurids' struggles with some of their powerful neighbors, increase in their motives for gaining power and repelling invaders, expansion of Ghurids' territory and their encountering powerful rivals, and promotion of their military power via military experiences of other powers were also at work.
Tahqiqāt-e Tārikh-e Ejtemā’i (Social History Studies)
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
2383-0484
5
v.
9
no.
2015
121
142
https://socialhistory.ihcs.ac.ir/article_1756_426a69eeb653e033d2c43cd429811319.pdf