Document Type : Research Article

Authors

• Hossein Abadian ¹
• Mohammad Bitarafan ²

¹ Associate Professor of History at Imam Khomeini International University

² Ph.D Student in Iran Islamic Period History, Kharazmi University

Abstract

Iran’s constitutional movement from the intellectual and political view is a turning point in history of Iran, and also is a new age from the social point of view. The most important manifestation of this fact is the formation of city societies and administrative institutions that is the beginning of new municipalities. City societies were a beginning of the first steps toward collective management of city and people’s participation in urban management. But this experience faced with some problems and these new institutions failed to work effectively. The main question of present article is what the causes of this inefficiency were. To answer this question we use the descriptive-analytic method and concluded that the absence of needed morality of social life is an important cause of that problem.

Keywords

• urban management
• city societies
• collective participation
• individual and social rights