Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 PhD of History, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

2 PhD student of Political Science , Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Bazaars, as one of the urban social classes, have long had a wide role and influence in various areas of urban life. To the extent that their widespread position in the social sphere, in particular, has led to the influence and connection with religious structures and institutions, including the clergy, mosques and religious bodies. This social status, naturally and influencing the social spheres, had effects and consequences in the political arena. Gradually, from the early 1940s, the bazaars took on various roles in the field of political activism, including the revolutionary movement of the people led by the revolutionary clergy.
This article seeks to answer the question of what socially important roles the bazaars played in the Islamic Revolution and how these roles facilitated the revolutionary process. The method used in this article is to study documents and resource libraries related to the research topic. As a result, the bazaars, by using their extensive influence on the arena of traditional Iranian civil society, influenced the revolutionary action of other agents of the revolution and the revolutionary mobilization of the people.

Keywords

Abbasi, Ebrahim, (2011), What is the Intellectual Tradition of Islamic Radicalism in Iran (Case Study of Fadaiyan Islam Population), Journal of Politics, Journal of Faculty of Law and Political Science, Volume 41.
Abrahamian, Yervand, (2006), Articles in Iranian Political Sociology, Soheila Torabi Farsani translation, Tehran, Pardic-e Danesh.
Abrahamian, Yervand, (2011), Iran Between Two Revolutions, Translated by Ahmad Golmohammadi and Mohammad Ebrahim Fattahi, Tehran, Ney Publishing.
Amjad, Mohammad, (2001), Iran from Monarchy to Theocracy, Translated by Hossein Moftakhri, Tehran, Baz.
Apter, David E and Andran, Charles. F, (2001), Political Protest and Social Change, Translated by Mohammad Reza Saeed Abadi, Tehran, Institute for Strategic Studies.
Ashraf, Ahmad and Ali Benoozi, (1993), Social Classes in the Pahlavi Period, Translated by Emad Afroogh, Strategy, No. 2.
Ashraf, Ahmad, Ali Benoozi, (2008), Social Classes, State and Revolution in Iran, Translated by Soheila Torabi Farsani, Tehran, Niloufar.
Atikpour, Mohammad (1979), The Role of Markets and Markets in the Iranian Revolution, Tehran.
Aywazi, Mohammad Rahim, (2001), Social Classes and the Shah's Regime, Tehran, Documentation Center of the Islamic Revolution.
Azgandi, Alireza, (2006), An Introduction to Iranian Political Sociology, Tehran, Qomes Publishing.
Bagheri, Ali, (1996), 15 Khordad th memories, 4th Office, Bazaar, Tehran, Islamic Revolution Literature Office.
Bahar, Mehri, (2001), Socio-Cultural Change and Institutional Development in Iran: A Market Empirical Case, Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 3.
Coen, Bruce, (1996), An Introduction to Sociology, Translated by Mohsen Salasi, Tehran, Totia.
Dara, Jalil, (2010), Investigating the Role of Social Capital in the Success of the Islamist Current 1320-1977, Journal of Islamic Revolution Studies, No. 21.
Delawari, Abolfazl, (1996), A Plan for Studying the Social Causes and Causes of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, Strategy, No. 9.
Delawari, Abolfazl, (2011), The Sociology of Iranian Developments from the Constitutional Revolution to the June Uprising of 1342, Tehran, Imam Khomeini Research Institute and the Islamic Revolution.
Fallahi, Akbar, (2014), Muharram and the Islamic Revolution, Tehran, Cultural and Art Institute of Islamic Revolution Documentation Center.
Farahi, Farideh, (1996), The Decline of the State and the Urban Revolutions - A Comparative Analysis of the Iranian and Nicaraguan Revolutions, Strategy, No. 10.
Faramarzi, Fatemeh, (2012), Religion in Iran during the Second Pahlavi Age (1320-1357), Tehran, Science Publishing.
Foozi, Yahya, (2004), Voluntary Factors Influencing the Occurrence of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, Journal of Matin Research, No. 25.
Foran, Jan, (1999), The Fragile Resistance; The History of Iran's Social Developments from the Safavid to the Post-Islamic Revolution, Translated by Ahmad Tadayyon, Tehran, Rasa Cultural Services Institute, Second Edition.
Foran, John, (2003), Theorizing Revolutions, Translating Farhan Ershad, Tehran, Ney Publishing.
Ghaffari, Hashjin Zahed et al., (2012), The Role of Religious Committees in Tehran in the Process of Victory of the Islamic Revolution, The Political Science Quarterly, Eighth Year, Volume 2, Issue 16.
Grrousi, Saeedeh and Saeed Zahedzahedani, (2002), Religious Committees and Trade Unions as Non-Governmental Organizations;
Gurr, Ted Robert, (2000) Why People Rebellion, Translated by Ali Morshedzad, Tehran, Institute for Strategic Studies.
Habibi, Hassan, (2010), The Story of Tehran's Grand Bazaar, Markets and Surrounding Markets in the Last Two Hundred Years, Tehran, Iranian Studies Foundation.
Hazeri, Ali Mohammad and Mehdi Hosseinzadeh Formi, (2011), The Political Role of the Market; Analyzing the Developments of the First Decade of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Political Science, Seventh Year, No. 1.
Hazrati, Hassan and Mohammad Hassan Pourqanbar, (2013), The Approach of the Islamic Component to Political Clergy Before the Islamic Revolution, Journal of Political Science, Ninth Year, No. 1.
Hesam Mazaheri, Mohsen, (2008), Shiite Media; Sociology of Mourning and Religious Committees in Iran, Tehran, International Publishing Company.
Interview with Ahmad Karimi Esfahani, (1), Zekr Magazine, No. 1 and No. 2.
Jafarian, Rasool, (2008), Religious Political Organizations and Organizations of Iran, From the Coming of Mohammad Reza Shah to the Victory of the Islamic Revolution, 1978-1979, Tehran, Book House Institute.
Jasbi, Abdullah, (2009), From Dust to Rain, Dr. Abdollah Jasbi's Memoirs of 1974-1973, Volume 2, Tehran, Islamic Revolution Documentation Center.
Kamali, Masoud, (2002), Civil Society, Government and Modernization in Contemporary Iran, Translated by Kamal Poladi, Tehran, Baz Publication.
Karamipour, Hamid, (2001), The Society of Islamic Education; Ayatollah Haj Sheikh Abbas Ali Islam and Their Role in the Islamic Revolution, Tehran, Islamic Revolution Documentation Center.
Karimi, Somayeh, (2008), Tehran Market; Economic Anthropology Study, Tehran, Publication of Thoughts and Anthropology Institute.
Khorramshad, Mohammad Bagher, (2004), Reflection of the Islamic Revolution in the Theories of the Revolution of Birth and the Formation of the Fourth Generation of Revolution Theories, Iranian Journal of Sociology, No. 19.
Mazandaranian, Hamid Reza, (2010), Oral History of Influential Mosques in the Islamic Revolution (Qaba, Javid, Lorzadeh, Al-Jawad), Tehran, Islamic Revolution Documentation Center.
Mehri, Farshid, (2004), Tehran Market Mosques in Imam Khomeini Movement, Oral History of Soltani Mosque (Imam Khomeini), Seyyed Azizullah Mosque and Azeri Mosque, Tehran, Islamic Revolution Documentation Center.
Mehrju, Behrad and Matin Ghaffarian, (2012), A Window to the Past, Memoirs of Alaeddin Mirmohammad Sadeghi, Tehran, Entrepreneur.
Mizbani, Mahnaz, (2004), The Role of Mosques and Universities in the Victory of the Islamic Revolution, Tehran, Islamic Revolution Documentation Center.
moadel, Mansour, (2003), Class, Politics and Ideology in the Iranian Revolution, Translated by Mohammad Salar Kasraie, Tehran, op.
Moghadam, Kazem, (2001), Legal Violence; Biography of Martyr Haj Sadegh Amani Hamedani, Qom, Mohaddes and selected publishing house.
Moradnia, Mohammad Javad, (2008), Imam Khomeini and the Fighting Religious Committees, Tehran, Orouj Publishing Institute.
Political-Cultural Geography of the Islamic Revolution of Iran (4), (1991), Yad Journal, No. 24.
Proshani, Iraj et al., (2010), Market in Islamic Civilization, Tehran, Ketab-e marja' Publishing.
Rahbari, Mahdi, (1), Political Sociology of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, Babolsar, University of Mazandaran.
Rahbari, Mehdi, (2004) Economics and the Islamic Revolution of Iran (Comparative Study of Economic Theories with the Islamic Revolution of Iran), Tehran, Islamic Revolution Documents Center.
Rouhbakhsh, Rahim, (2002), The Role of the Market in the June 15 Uprising, Tehran, Islamic Revolution Documentation Center.
Semati, Mohammad Hadii, (1996), Theory of Resource Mobilization and the Islamic Revolution of Iran, Journal of Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, No. 35.
Smith, Benjamid, Collective Action and the Market Mobilization Power of Iran (1), translation by Jafar Kheirkhahan, Perspective Iran, No. 64.
Soltanzadeh, Hossein, (2001), Iranian Markets, Tehran, Office of Cultural Research.
Stampel, John. Day, (1998), Within the Iranian Revolution, translated by Manouchehr Shojaei, Rasa Cultural Services Institute.
Taheri Damne, Mohsen et al., (2010), Exploring the Role of Shiite Religion in Creating Social Capital, Journal of National Studies, No. 43.
Tavakol, Mohammad, (2002) The Traditional Iranian Market in Three Periods of Power, Power War, Peak Power, Perspective of Iran, No. 16.
Torabi Farsani, Soheila, (2005) Traders, Constitutionalism and the Modern State, Tehran, Iranian History Publishing.