Document Type : Research Article
Authors
1 PhD graduated of history, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor of history, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Violence is a thought-out affair that associate with particular meanings for its perpetrators, victims and spectators of the violence's theater; the forms of violence are also created by the regimes of Knowledge, which in the minds of the subjects are given that direction and follow a goal. Therefore, one can detect the multiplicity of Episteme in historical periods by understanding the distinctions and differences in the violence's methods.The history of Iran in the 11thand12thcenturies is one of the most significant times which can see three Episteme, namely: The Iranian (pre-Islamic), the Turkoman, and the Islamic which we called Sharia. These three systems had distinct ways of punishment and inflicting violence on their ill-wishers and enemies. With a theoretical approach inspired by Foucault's views and an interpretive method, this research attempts to theoretically explain the violence's systems in Iran during the11th and12thcenturies. It also concludes that the embodiment of violence is the common aspect of them; The Sharia system of violence as the most extensive system had certain processes, mechanisms and guardians for violence with the most educational and correctional aspects and at the same time a standard for the two others. The Iranian system was related to the political-religious order and the government and statesmen were enforcers. Shamanic beliefs in the Turkoman system are prominent and its form and degree changed according to the blood relation between the victim and the perpetrator of violence; with increasing distance the intensity and form of violence changed, and sometimes victim’s body was humiliated.
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