Tahqiqāt-e Tārikh-e Ejtemā’i (Social History Studies)

From Smuggling to Colberry Smuggling and the Emergence of the Colberry Phenomenon in Kermanshah (1304 to 1320)

Document Type : Research Article

Author

motaleb motalebi

Assistant Prof. of History, National library and Archives of Iran, tehran, iran.

https://doi.org/10.30465/shc.2024.47796.2527
Abstract
Earning as one of the components of determining the lifestyle and level of social welfare of people has a two-way relationship with the economic policies of governments. Therefore, the formulation of new policies is accompanied by the emergence of new phenomena at the level of society.Smuggling is one of the phenomena whose effects and problems have plagued Iran's border communities since the establishment of the Ministry of Customs until today, and its consequences continue.With the rise of the Pahlavi government and the amendment and formulation of laws, the shape and image of Iranian life also underwent changes according to the new laws.In addition to people's appearance, these changes also changed their livelihood. Before the establishment and implementation of monopoly laws, the smuggling of goods by the people of the border areas was limited to personal consumption. But with the implementation of these laws and especially the foreign trade monopoly law in 1309, this phenomenon underwent a serious transformation. Examining the documents shows that from this period onwards, the monopolization of imports and the pricing of some products by the government caused a noticeable difference in the prices of goods on both sides of the border. Therefore, traders and merchants started importing these items on a large scale. Due to government control, these goods were transported through unofficial crossings. Therefore, merchants and traders turned to the use of local labor for import and export through unofficial crossings.

Keywords

smuggling
Colberry
first side Kermanshah
foreign trade monopoly law

Subjects

Bibliography
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Tahqiqāt-e Tārikh-e Ejtemā’i (Social History Studies)
Volume 14, Issue 1 - Serial Number 27
October 2024
Pages 303-322

  • Receive Date 25 December 2023
  • Revise Date 09 April 2024
  • Accept Date 24 April 2024

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