Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Ph.D. in history at Beheshti university. Curator of the Treasury of National Jewels (CBI), tehran,iran.

2 Associate professor of Department of History Beheshti University,tehran,iran.

Abstract

The conflict between maintaining the status quo and undertaking modernization was stabilized in favor of modernization with the establishment of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1925/1304, and the modernization of Iran, especially in the economic field, began its accelerated course. Economic modernization, focusing on the construction of new factories, especially from 1943/1313 to 1941/1320, gradually led to the emergence of the first new industrial worker nuclei in Iran. The new economic policy, based on the concept that industry is equal to factory, caused the government to neglect the agricultural sector, pastoralism, and local small industries. This led to a decrease in the tribal population, farmers in villages, and craftsmen in small towns; Because a significant portion of artisans, craftsmen, and farmers were gradually removed from the production cycle due to the spread and use of machine industries, and they voluntarily and sometimes forcibly moved to large cities in search of jobs and ended up in fledgling industrial factories.The increasing migration of workers from rural areas, small towns and tribal areas to large cities where new industries were established brought about rapid changes in the demographic structure, and the first workers' settlements were formed in the aforementioned cities. Naturally, the aforementioned cities lacked the necessary infrastructure to accept and respond to the basic needs of workers, such as housing, medical, sanitary and educational services. Although at that time, migrant workers did not pay attention to medical and educational services, they could not ignore housing as their main place of living. Although this had been experienced mostly in Western Europe as the origin of new industries, neither Reza Shah nor the advisors and implementers of the plans to create new industries had the slightest understanding and knowledge of the European experience and as a result they were forced to experience the experience again. The undeniable necessity of providing housing and a place to live forced the workers to create the first slums and urban slums in the history of Iran by settling irregularly on the outskirts of cities. Settlements that lacked the first and most essential living facilities.

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