Settlement of Nomads and Its Consequences in Lakestan

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor of Sociology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

2 Master of Sociology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

Abstract
این پژوهش به بررسی فرایند اسکان عشایر در لکستان می‌پردازد. روش پژوهش توصیفی و تحلیلی است و فنون گردآوری داده بررسی اسناد و مصاحبه است. داده‌ها از طریق سازماندهی داده تجزیه‌وتحلیل شدند. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد: لک‌ها در دور قاجار کوچ رو و دارای نظام ایلی بودند. آنان در کوهستان‌های زاگرس میانی و دشت‌های اطراف، ییلاق و قشلاق می‌کردند و به‌عنوان یک نیروی اجتماعی نقش مؤثری در مناسبات سیاسی داشتند. در دوره رضاشاه اصلاحات گوناگونی مانند توسعه کشاورزی، توسعه صنعتی، توسعه راه‌ها، گسترش دیوان‌سالاری و اسکان عشایر در زاگرس میانی انجام گرفت. سهم لکستان از این اصلاحات، احداث جاده شوسه خرم‌آباد - هرسین و اسکان عشایر بود که مورد اخیر به نحوی آمرانه و خونبار اجرا شد. این سیاست از سال ۱۳۰۲ شروع و در سال ۱۳۱۲ پایان یافت و سبب زوال شیوۀ زیست کوچ‌رَوی و تلف‌شدن دام‌‌ها شد. لک‌ها برای درامان‌ماندن از دست نیروهایِ ارتش، به نقاط صعب‌العبور پناه بردند و نوعی فرهنگ مقاومت را بنا نهادند. پس از شهریور ۱۳۲۰ به کوچروی بازگشتند؛ اما کم‌کم متوجه شدند دوران این شیوه از زندگی به سر آمده است. به‌طورکلی اسکان عشایر به همراه جغرافیایی کوهستانیِ لکستان سبب «مدرنیزاسیون ناموزون» در زاگرس میانی شد. کردها و لرها در مقایسه با لک‌ها سازگاری بیشتری با شرایط جدید پیدا کردند و در دهه‌های پس از آن وضعیت به‌مراتب بهتری داشتند. از آن زمان تا کنون وضعیت توسعه‌نیافتگی لکستان همچنان پایدار مانده است و مهم‌ترین پیامد آن مهاجرفرستی است.

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  • Receive Date 05 April 2025
  • Revise Date 30 July 2025
  • Accept Date 04 August 2025