نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• مرتضی نورائی ¹
• زهرا علی زاده ²

¹ استاد گروه تاریخ دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

² دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد تاریخ، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

چکیده

چکیده
هدف از این تحقیق، بررسی-بهداشت زنان- است. برای تمرکز بهتر بر موضوع بحث، اصفهان به‌عنوان یکی از شهرهای مهم کشور برای پژوهش انتخاب گردید. خانواده واحدی بنیادی در همه جوامع بوده و همین مسئله اهمیت نقش زنان را در بهداشت خانواده و کل جامعه نشان میدهد. با شکل‌گیری حکومت پهلوی، فعالیت هایی درزمینه بهداشت زنان مانند ایجاد بیمارستانهای تخصصی و تربیت کادر متخصص انجام شد. با شکل‌گیری سپاه بهداشت، بهداشت زنان نیز در زیرمجموعه بهداشت همگانی موردتوجه قرار گرفت و بخش های زنان و مراکز بهداشت مادر و کودک در بیمارستانها ایجاد شد. در دانشگاه ها بخش های تخصصی زنان شکل گرفت و نشستهایی برای بررسی فنی‌تر بهداشت زنان و معرفی پیشرفت های آن انجام شد؛ بنابراین مسئله اصلی این پژوهش تحولاتی است که در زمینه بهداشت زنان رخ داد و سوال اصلی پژوهش چگونگی توسعه بهداشت زنان، عوامل علاقمندی زنان به بهداشت فردی و نقش ارگان های حامی زنان در این توسعه است. در این مقاله، با تکیه بر اسناد آرشیوی،مجلات،روزنامه ها و مصاحبه و با روش توصیفی-تحلیلی به بررسی این موضوع پرداخته شده است. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده در این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که برای تأمین بهداشت جامعه، نیاز به بررسی اساسی مشکلات بهداشتی زنان بوده است؛ زیرا زنان به‌عنوان یکی از ارکان اصلی خانواده وظیفه تأمین بهداشت و سلامت سایر اعضا را به عهده گرفته‌اند. درواقع برونداد اصلی این پژوهش آشکار ساخت که آموزش و بهداشت زنان،از راهکارهای پزشکی در امر پیشگیری محسوب می‌شد.رسیدگی به بهداشت زنان،در امر پیشگیری از بروز بیماری در سایر اعضای خانواده مؤثر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• "
• بهداشت زنان
• پهلوی دوم
• اصفهان
• سپاه بهداشت

Extended Abstract

Women's health in Pahlavi II period(1942-1979) Case Study: Esfahan

The purpose of this study is to study and analyze the health status of women in the second Pahlavi period. Women and their health is one of the most important issues in social history. Undoubtedly, women are half of the active population of the society and the development of health in this spectrum is of strategic importance in maintaining and promoting the health of the whole society. In addition, health is a necessary condition for playing social roles; Because women's responsibilities in their multiple roles may endanger their health at any time. The family is a fundamental unit in all societies, and this shows the importance of the role of women in education. Despite having more life expectancy, women face more health problems than men at all stages of life and may not be in a good position to access the necessary health care services; The same thing affects the health of other family members.

In this study, a case study of Isfahan was selected as an influential city in the center of the country and to better focus on the topic of discussion. Prerequisite For the period in question, due to the lack of public health development, women were not familiar with their personal health. With the formation of the Pahlavi government, the government at the time carried out activities to organize health affairs, including those related to women. Including: Establishment of hospitals and obstetrics and gynecology wards in them, which caused the spread of modern medicine in Iran; providing these services to women in the community increased the level of health compared to previous periods.

In the second Pahlavi period, these measures were followed more seriously. in the beginning and during the 20s to 40s / 40s to 60s. Activities related to women's health, although limited, were carried out by the Ministry of Health and the Red Lion and Sun. with the arrival of the country in the 40s / 60s. As a result of the reforms made and the formation of the Health Corps, the Knowledge Corps and other bodies active in health development, people's knowledge in the field of medicine and treatment of diseases increased. Since the forties, we have witnessed the scientific development of the country in the field of women's health. In fact, the twenties to forties can be considered as a period for the growth and stability of medical science in Iran. From the 1940s onwards, with the implementation of health development policy, women's health grew significantly with the construction of universities, maternal and child health centers, and hospitals. The scientific development of the country from the forties onwards and the establishment of scientific groups related to obstetrics and gynecology health, was effective in the specialization of this field.

Such activities were carried out in order to improve the health status of women and with the aim of promoting and exalting the society. In this regard, Isfahan was selected as one of the most influential cities in the country. Thus, this study intends to examine the history of women's health in Isfahan in the second Pahlavi period, to study and research the trend of health developments and issues such as the role of the Ministry of Health, the Red Lion and the Sun, the Health Corps and the efforts of women to improve their level of health. In fact, the main outcome of this study revealed that women's education and health is one of the medical strategies in prevention. In fact, paying attention to women's health and trying to develop it was effective in preventing disease in other family members.

The importance of this research is that it has a different and focused view on a specific area of ​​women's health that has not been independently studied before. Therefore, based on the available resources, this study seeks to take measures to inform women and encourage them to observe personal hygiene, health and family planning, the activities of the Health Corps and other supporting organizations in this field in order to prevent Recognize.

In this research, the research method is based on using the main sources, including archival documents and books, and the Active interview is used to complete the discussion. In fact, documents, newspapers, magazines and books from the Pahlavi period have been used that well reflect the issues related to women's health as one of the pillars of social history.