نوع مقاله : مقاله ترویجی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
2 دانش آموخته دکتری علوم سیاسی ،دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
آرمانشهرگرایی مفهومی دیرینه و همزاد اندیشه بشری است؛ چرا که انسان اغلب به دنبال زیستی به غایت سامانمند و نیکو بوده است. بنابراین برخورداری از جامعهای بسامان، در ضمیر خودآگاه و ناخودآگاه اکثر انسانها تلالو داشته است. به تبع این آرمانها و ایدهها در برساخت مفاهیم نظیر مفهوم شهر نقش موثری داشته است. به همین منظور هدف این پژوهش، ررسی رابطه دیالکتیکی بین «مفهوم آرمانشهر» و «مفهوم شهر ساسانی» است. بنابراین این پژوهش به دنبال پاسخگویی به این پرسش است که مفهوم آرمانشهر و نمودهای کالبدی آن چه تاثیری بر شکلگیری مفهوم شهر در دوره ساسانی داشته است؟ برای پاسخگویی به این پرسش، از الگوی جامعهشناسی معرفت و از روش توصیفی-تحلیلی و برای گردآوری اطلاعات از منابع کتابخانهای استفاده شده است. یافتههای بدست آمده نشان داد که شهر ساسانی از مفاهیم «ساختار کالبدی شهر»، «نظم حاکم در جامعه»، «نظم در سلسله مراتب اجتماعی» و «حفاظت شهر در برابر دشمنان» که تداعیگر اندیشه آرمانشهری میباشد، تاثیر پذیرفته است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
Extended Abstract
The influence of utopia on the formation of the concept of city in the Sassanid era
Idealism is a twin concept of human thought; Because man has often sought a good life. Therefore, having a well-organized society has shone in the conscious and subconscious minds of most people. Consequently, these ideas have played an effective role in constructing concepts such as the concept of the city. Therefore, this research seeks to answer the question that what effect did the concept of utopia and its physical manifestations have on the formation of the concept of city in the Sassanid period? To answer this question, the sociological model of knowledge and the descriptive-analytical method have been used and to collect information from library and documentary sources. Based on this, the hypothesis of this article is that the formation of the city in the Sassanid period is influenced by the characteristics of utopia concepts such as (ruling order in society, social levels) and its special functions such as (protecting the city against enemies and building an urban structure). have been.
The findings showed that there was a dialectical relationship between social reality and human knowledge. On the one hand, social reality has affected the human mind, and after the formation of the idea, it has affected social reality; That is, early man had social relations such as order, social rank, distance from any enmity. But this amount of existing relationships could not meet their needs. For this reason, in order to know themselves and the world around them, they needed knowledge, and especially a myth called utopia, in order to understand the realities around them. So man has always sought to provide a narrative of his life in connection with the great cosmic and ideal story, and thus give his life a relatively coherent meaning. Their political thought about the utopia was based on mythical beliefs in the categories of the universe and the universe. The concept of utopia in their view, consists of two inseparable axes. First, in Utopia, humans lived in a cosmic order, denying any enmity, with an institutionalized hierarchy. Second, the body of the Minoan utopias was an image of the heavenly kingdom and the cobra court of the gods.
After the development of utopia, this idea did not become passive and influenced the existing realities such as the formation of the concept of city such as "order", "social status", "protection of the city from enemy damage" and "physical structure of the city" during the Sassanid period. Is. Regarding order, the Sassanid government, in order to be able to reflect the transcendent order, sought to establish order in its government. Influenced by the concept of Ashe in Mazdaean religion, the Sassanid government used the interrelationship between religion and government (politics) to maintain order in society in order to maintain order. He established a powerful central government. Then he made the religion of Zoroaster the official religion of the country. Because he considered religion essential to social order, he placed great emphasis on the interrelationship between religion and politics.
Armanshahr has also emphasized the existence of three classes of works, army and Vastrioshan in the thought of ancient Iran and Mazdisna religion. The Sassanids, following the influence of Zoroastrianism, followed the formation of these three classes; But in the Sassanid period, due to the growth of administrative and court organization, there were changes in the three layers of the social system, which was based on the fourth class, with the difference that the third class was teachers and the fourth class farmers and farmers.
In addition to the order and separation of social classes, along with these features, the map of Sassanid cities was circular, which had two aspects. First, the circularity of the cities made it easier to protect the city; Another concept is the protection of the city in the Sassanid period, which was influenced by the idea of utopia. The construction of a fence or wall around the Sassanid cities and the location of these cities on high and mountainous areas shows the protection of the city against the enemies of the Sassanid government who cannot easily enter the city and disrupt the ruling order.
With this description, it can be mentioned that the utopia represents the transcendent form of social relations in another area of existence; But immediately after this stage, the utopia begins to affect reality. So this influence is a dialectical relationship, on the one hand the utopia is influenced by reality and on the other hand it affects the social reality (the concept of the city). Therefore, the influence of utopia in the construction of Iranian cities, especially Sassanid cities, is undeniable.
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