نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی ویژه نامه تاریخ اجتماعی و مجلس پژوهی در ایران( سردبیر مهمان دکتر مرتضی نورایی)

نویسندگان

• طیبه رستمی ¹
• مرتضی نورائی ²
• نزهت احمدی ³

¹ دانشجوی دکتری تاریخ، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

² استاد گروه تاریخ دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

³ دانشیار گروه تاریخ دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

فقدان بهداشت و عدم وجود امکانات لازم برای مقابله با بیماری­های واگیردار یکی از مهمترین مشکلات حکومت­های قاجار و پهلوی بود. این مساله یکی از دلایل مرگ­ و میر بالا و عدم رشد جمعیت در ایران بود. در آغاز دهه چهل محمد رضاشاه پهلوی تحت تاثیر عواملی داخلی و خارجی دست به انجام اصلاحاتی اجتماعی زد که یکی از آنان صدور فرمان تاسیس سپاه بهداشت در اول بهمن 1342/ 1964 م بود. پژوهش حاضر ضمن نگاهی گذرا به پیشینة وضعیت بهداشتی کشور، در تلاش است به این پرسش پاسخ دهد که مجلس چه نقشی در تصویب تاسیس سپاه بهداشت و چالش­های موجود بر سر اجرایی شدن مصوبات مربوط به آن داشت؟ مقاله به روش کتابخانه­ای و با تکیه بر صورت مذاکرات مجلس و مطبوعات و اسناد، و به شیوه توصیفی تحلیلی به بررسی موضوع پرداخته است. یافته­های تحقیق نشان می­دهد اولاً ایدة تشکیل سپاه بهداشت از سوی یکی از نمایندگان مجلس (شفیع امین) به شاه پیشنهاد شده بود؛ در ثانی با تامل در تلاش­های نمایندگان در جهت هموار سازی زمینه­های پیشرفت برنامه سپاه بهداشت، رویهمرفته می­توان گفت مجلس نقش فعالی از خود نشان داد و سپاه بهداشت هم طی فعالیت مجلس بیست و یک فعالیت قابل قبولی از خود نشان داده و لااقل با کنترل مرگ و میر، باعث شد جمعیت کشور به رشد معناداری برسد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• سپاه بهداشت
• مجلس بیست و یک
• محمد رضا شاه
• شفیع امین
• اصلاحات اجتماعی

موضوعات

• ویژه نامه تاریخ اجتماعی و مجلس پژوهشی در ایران

Extended Abstract

The role of the 21st Parliament in approving the Health Corps Bill and the challenges related to its implementation(1342-1345/ 1963-1966)

The current research examines the role of the 21st National Council in relation to the approval of the Health Corps bill and also the challenges related to it. The issue of health was one of the most important issues that the need for serious attention was strongly felt, especially from the constitutional era onwards. The lack of health facilities and, as a result, the major deaths caused by it had not only stopped the population growth in Iran, but had also threatened the survival of Iranians. During the era of Reza Shah and also the first decades of the reign of Mohammad Reza Shah, the wide coverage of health problems in the press and public opinion made one of the basic programs of the Shah in the six bills to be based on the issue of health, that is, the establishment of the Health Corps, which was approved by the 21st Parliament. legislated. The current research tries to examine the role of the 21st Parliament of the National Council in approving this bill and in the meantime clarify whether the 21st Parliament had a serious role in approving the Health Corps Bill and related materials or just a formal role and Did it make an appearance? The hypothesis of the research is based on the fact that although the Majlis was not in a position to challenge the King's bills or simply implement the King's expectations, it must be said that the role of the Majlis was quite noticeable and significant in relation to the Health Corps bill. In relation to the present issue, that is, the investigation of the role of the 21st Parliament in approving the Health Corps bill, no independent research has been done so far, but the researches have been conducted only around the Health Corps and evaluating its performance. For example, we can refer to Akbar Mahdovian's "Research on Health Corps" which was published in 1347/1968. Compiled. One of the strengths of this research is the use of important data and statistics. One of the weak points of this research is the lack of reference to the sources used. Similarly, it should be referred to "Revolutionary troops and health education from the village" by Javad Kalantari in 1349/1970 AD. named. "The process of creating and expanding the Health Corps in Iran" by Maryam Asadi in 2015/2015, The title of another thesis is that, considering its title, it was expected that it would use details of the negotiations of the parliament in detail, but despite the appropriate use of various publications and documents, it did not pay attention to the details of the negotiations. Among the articles, we can refer to the article of Borhan Tafsari with the title "Examining the Social Performance of the 21st Parliament", but contrary to its title, as the author explained in the introduction of the article, the purpose of the article is to investigate the government's goals of establishing the Health Corps and It is the promotion corps. The author believes that the government was trying to penetrate among the villagers through the implementation of the health corps and the promotion corps, which naturally has no connection or similarity with the approach of the authors of the article on examining the role of the parliament. The next item is the article "Health Corps and the expansion of health in Iran" (a case study of the years 1345 to 1350 / 1966 to 1971) by Farhad Sohami and Samane Karamian that Although mentioned the approval of the Health Corps bill in the parliament, as the title of the article shows, the concern of the authors of the article is more to evaluate the expansion and implementation of the Health Corps. The present research collected information using a library method and compiled the obtained information in a descriptive and analytical way. The main reliance of the article is on the National Assembly's deliberations. The findings of the research show that although it can be imagined that the Shah was inevitably forced to pay attention to the health issue in the so-called White Revolution program. But the fact is that, unlike the Knowledge Corps, the idea of forming the Health Corps was at least for the first time, on October 27, 1963, that is, three months before the Shah proposed it, by one of the members of the parliament, Dr. Shafi amin, the representative of Tabriz. He was the one who asked the Prime Minister in the National Council to ask the Shah to establish a Health Corps like the Knowledge Corps. In the end, the current research concludes that although the parliament did not have much independence during the time of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, the fact is that the representatives showed an active and acceptable performance during the review and approval of the Health Corps bill, and this performance was immediately reflected in the confrontation. It was seen again with the challenges and obstacles related to the implementation of the Health Corps bill.

Keywords: Health Corps, 21st Majlis, Mohammad Reza Shah, Shafi Amin, social reforms.