نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی ویژه نامه تاریخ اجتماعی و مجلس پژوهی در ایران( سردبیر مهمان دکتر مرتضی نورایی)

نویسنده

• سیروان خسروزاده

دانش آموخته دکتری تاریخ ایران اسلامی، دانشگاه پیام نور و پژوهشگر مستقل، تهران، ایران

چکیده

به دنبال کودتای 28 مرداد 1332 دوره­ای از رکود و محدویت بر فضای سیاسی کشور حکمفرما شد. از این رو وعده برگزاری انتخابات آزاد از سوی محمد رضاشاه در آستانة انتخابات مجلس بیستم در سال 1339 نقطه­ عطفی بااهمیت قلمداد می­شد و آزادی­خواهان امیدوار شدند از طریق انتخابات آزاد سرنوشت سیاسی کشور را تحت تاثیر قرار دهند. در سنندج نیز داوطلبان با الهام از مواعید شاه شروع به فعالیت کردند. مقالة حاضر با تکیه بر اسناد منتشر نشدة کتابخانه مجلس شورای اسلامی در تلاش است به این پرسش پاسخ دهد که کیفیت برگزاری انتخابات سنندج در دوره­های 20 تا 22 مجلس شورای ملی چگونه بود و نامزدهای انتخاباتی چه واکنشی نسبت به نتایج آن از خود نشان دادند؟ یافته­های پژوهش نشان می­دهد نه تنها انتخابات آزاد ادعایی بی­اساس بود، بلکه در سنندج نیز همچون برخی نقاط کشور انتخابات مجلس بیستم سرآغاز فصل نوینی از تخلفات و اقدامات خلاف قانون از سوی حاکمیت بود که در دوره­های بعد نیز ادامه داشت. مقاله همچنین نشان می­دهد در نتیجه تخلفات انتخابات مجلس 20-22، عزت الله شادی مقدم، و ناصر یمین مردوخی شدیداً نسبت به نتیجه انتخابات این دوره­ها معترض بودند و در تلاشی بی­وقفه اما بی­نتیجه سعی کردند شاه و دولت را نسبت به تغییر نتیجه انتخابات متقاعد سازند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• دوره پهلوی
• انتخابات
• عزت الله شادی مقدم
• ناصر یمین مردوخی
• سنندج

موضوعات

• ویژه نامه تاریخ اجتماعی و مجلس پژوهشی در ایران

Extended Abstract

Evaluation of election violations of the 20-22nd assemblies of the National Council (1960-1967)

Case study: Sanandaj city

Following The coup d'état of August 19, 1953, the political open space of the Twenties came to an end and the activities of political parties and groups were limited. In 1960, the Shah was pressured to carry out social political reforms for reasons such as American political developments and Kennedy's positions, so he promised free elections, but at the same time it was announced that the National Front and the Tudeh party did not have the right to participate in the elections! The Shah tried to give his government a democratic face by establishing parties affiliated with him, and perhaps to gain the satisfaction of his American critics. However, this point of view has also been raised that considering that the landlords held an average of 56% of the seats in the parliament from 1941 to 1961, the Shah had decided to end their power in the parliament little by little. It meant that he intended to replace them with the parties affiliated to the court. It happened that on the eve of the elections of the 20th Parliament, two parties, the Melliun and the Mardom (people) Party, were established and competed for the majority of the parliament.On the other hand, court-affiliated parties such as the Melliun Party and the Toudeh Party were established and competed with each other to win the majority of the parliament.

 The current research is trying to investigate the quality and manner of holding elections in the 20th to 22nd periods of the National Assembly in Sanandaj by relying on the unpublished documents of the Islamic Consultative Assembly and then examine the reactions of election candidates protesting the results of the elections and show what results these protests finally led to.

The elections of the 20th period of the National Assembly were held in the summer of 1961 (summer elections), but the volume of violations and frauds was so high that the Shah was forced to dissolve the parliament and hold elections again in the winter (winter elections). But this time, the previous violations were repeated and the Shah was forced to announce the dissolution of the new parliament. In the summer elections, on the same day of the elections, Kayhan newspaper announced Reza Asif and Abbasqoli Ardalan as representatives of Sanandaj! In the winter elections, Abbasqoli Ardalan and Salar Saeed were announced as representatives of Sanandaj.

Ezzatullah Shadi Moghadam, one of the Sanandaj election candidates, who had participated in the elections in every summer and winter period, strongly protested the results of the elections and by presenting documents indicating the unfavorable quality of the elections and various violations, he tried to make the Shah and the government He was convinced to change the declared result, but his efforts were unsuccessful. After the dissolution of the 20th Parliament in the spring of 1961, the parliament was closed for the next two and a half years, and finally, in August 1963, the elections of the 21st period of the National Assembly were held. In this period, Seyyed Mehdi Sheikhul Islami and engineer Hoshang Kamangar were announced as representatives of Sanandaj, and Nasser Yamin Mardokhi, who was the first contender for the parliamentary elections, became the third.

Yamin Mardokhi started massive protests and showed by citing various documents that numerous violations occurred in the elections and that he is the real representative of Sanandaj. Yamin Mardokhi's continuous efforts were unsuccessful and he tried to be elected as a representative of Sanandaj in the 22nd period elections, but in the elections of this period, which were held in August 1967, Seyyed Mohammad Sheikhul-Islami and Mohammad usoli were elected. Became. Yamin Mardokhi's strong protests and statements were still useless. The findings of the research indicate that contrary to the Shah's promise of free elections, the holding of the elections as in the past was full of violations and fraud. As a result of the elections of the periods in question, Ezzatullah Shadi Moghadam strongly objected to the results of the summer and winter elections of the 20th period, and Naser Yamin Mardokhi, who participated in the elections of the 21st and 22nd periods, strongly objected to the announced results. These two tried to have the election result revised by presenting various documents and correspondence to the shah and parliament, etc, but their efforts were completely useless. It should be said about the violations committed, although it cannot be said for sure that their victorious rivals were directly supported by the Shah and the court and were elected on their recommendation, but it must be acknowledged that the violations and interferences by government agents in favor of the victorious candidates and to the detriment of Shadi Moghadam and Yamin They had a decisive impact on the election results. Among these violations, we can mention the colorful presence of rival candidates' relatives in the Election Monitoring Association, and also threatening the people that if they do not vote for the candidates close to the government, they will be prosecuted by SAVAK.

Key words: Pahlavi period, elections, Ezzatullah Shadi Moghadam, Naser Yamin Mardokhi, Sanandaj.