نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی ویژه نامه تاریخ اجتماعی و مجلس پژوهی در ایران( سردبیر مهمان دکتر مرتضی نورایی)

نویسنده

• نبی امیدی

استادیار ، گروه مدیریت ، دانشگاه پیام نور ، تهران ، ایران .

چکیده

  برنامه­عمرانی­سوم، اولین برنامه جامع توسعه در ایران است که از برنامه­ها موفق دوران پهلوی بود، بطوری­که از نظر رشد اقتصادی، شش درصد نسبت به میزان رشد هدف­گذاری شده، پیشی گرفت. همزمان با این برنامه، مجموعه اصلاحاتی با عنوان انقلاب سفید یا انقلاب شاه و مردم که مجموعه­ای گسترده از تحولات و اصلاحات اقتصادی و اجتماعی را شامل می­شد در دوره محمدرضاشاه به اجرا گذاشته شد. هدف این پژوهش مشخص کردن تاثیر تداخل انقلاب سفید با زمان اجرای برنامه عمرانی سوم است. این پژوهش کیفی و به شیوه تحلیل اسناد و مدارک انجام شده است. تحقیق حاضر در تلاش برای پاسخ به این سئوال است که تداخل انقلاب سفید مشخصاً چه تاثیری بر اجرای برنامه عمرانی سوم داشته است. نتایج نشان می­دهد انقلاب­سفید که از زمان تصویب و اجرا شاهد افزایش اصول مورد توجه (از 6 اصل به 19 اصل در طول زمان) بود، طرحی کلانتر با اهدافی بزرگتر و از نظر زمانی بلندمدت و از نظر سطح در حوزه راهبردی بود و برنامه­عمرانی­سوم از نظر زمانی میان­مدت (5 ساله) با اهدافی محدود (رشد اقتصادی 6 درصد) با راهبردهای ثابت سه­گانه ( افزایش پس­انداز داخلی، استفاده موثر از سرمایه­ها و تحدید موالید) بود. اکثر اهداف و اصول برنامه­عمرانی­سوم در چارچوب اصول انقلاب­سفید قرارگرفته به نحوی که ارتباط محتوایی زیادی بین اصول انقلاب سفید و برنامه­عمرانی­سوم وجود دارد. بنابراین این دو طرح به نوعی هم­سو بوده و به همین­خاطر گرچه با عناوین مختلف اما در یک جهت حرکت کرده­اند.ارزیابی نتایج عملکرد برنامه­عمرانی­سوم نشان می­دهد که تداخل آن با انقلاب سفید، تاثیر مثبتی داشته است و این تداخل قدرت‌های تأثیرگذار در حاکمیت را بر آن داشت تا برای تحقق اهداف تعیین‌شده هر دو طرح تلاش کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• برنامه‌عمرانی‌سوم
• انقلاب‌سفید
• اصلاحات ارضی
• پهلوی

موضوعات

• ویژه نامه تاریخ اجتماعی و مجلس پژوهشی در ایران

The impact of the interference of the White Revolution in the Pahlavi Era on the implementation of the third development program

Introduction: The third development program is the first comprehensive development program of Iran, which was one of the successful programs of the Pahlavi era. In terms of economic growth, 6% has exceeded the targeted growth rate. The White Revolution or the Revolution of the King and the People was a series of economic and social developments and reforms in Iran that were implemented during the era of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi with the help of the then ministers. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of the interference of the White Revolution on the implementation of the third development program. In previous studies and researches, the angles of the Third Development Program and the White Revolution have been examined independently and specifically, and in another part of the studies, the role of international factors in the announcement of the White Revolution has been discussed. The distinction of the present research compared to other studies is to determine the effect of the interference of the White Revolution specifically on the third development program during the reign of Mohammad Reza Shah, which has not been addressed in previous studies.

Methodology: This research is qualitative and has been done by document analysis. Documents are in the category of textual paradigms, which are an inseparable part of other systems and structures in the organization. In this way, they define the understanding of specific issues and describe various behaviors and ways of doing things. Therefore, the information that these documents provide to researchers is more comprehensive than the information that researchers obtain through interviews or questionnaires.

Findings: The White Revolution, which witnessed an increase in principles (from 6 principles to 19 principles) since its approval and implementation, was a grand program with bigger and long-term goals in terms of time and strategy, while the third development program was medium-term (5 years) which had limited goals (6% economic growth) with three fixed strategies (increasing domestic savings, effective use of budget and birth control). Most of the goals and principles of the third development program are included under the principles of the White Revolution, so that there is a great content relationship between the principles of the White Revolution and the third development program.

Discussion and conclusion: Although there was no credit for the principles of the White Revolution in the Third Development program, most of the goals and principles of the Third Development program can be defined under the principles of the White Revolution. So that there is a great content connection between the principles of the White Revolution and the Third Development program. For example, in the third development program, about half of the program credits related to villages and 40% of the total credits mentioned in the program law are allocated to social affairs. The third development program can be considered as a program in the form of rural development and social participation, which is related to the principles of the White Revolution, including land reforms, Knowledge Corps, Civil and Construction Corps, and also amendments. Election law and free and compulsory education. Also, the strategy of effective use of funds and administrative reforms in the third development plan is in line with the principles of administrative revolution and educational revolution, fighting inflation and overselling, creating fair houses and arbitration councils in the white revolution. In the same way, the birth prevention strategy can be found in the third development plan in line with the principles of forming the Knowledge Corps, free feeding of young children in schools and free feeding of infants up to two years old together with the mother. And also the principle of social insurance coverage for all Iranians. The duration of the third development program was limited to five years, but the White Revolution was a long-term program that was extended to other programs. this two program s are in some way aligned and therefore, although with different titles, they have moved in the same direction. The performance results of the third development program show that its interference with the White Revolution had a positive effect and this interference made the group of influential powers in governance to try to achieve the set goals.

Keywords: Third Development program, White Revolution, Land Reforms, Pahlavi